Avaliação das doses e dos equipamentos de proteção radiológica em procedimentos de urologia intervencionista

Abstract

Interventional Radiology has been increasingly used for treatment and diagnosis of various diseases in the area of urology, enabling complex interventions in a minimally invasive way. However, Interventional Radiology comprises procedures using fluoroscopic images, which is related to the exposure of medical staff and patients to high doses of radiation. Radiation exposure generates biological effects, classified as stochastic effects and tissue reactions. Stochastic effects can occur with any dose value, such as the appearance of cancer over the years in exposed individuals. Tissue reactions occur when exposure exceeds dose limits, such as erythema and cataracts. To ensure the safety of occupationally exposed individuals, it is of paramount impor- tance to know the doses involved in interventional urology procedures. The use of radiological protection equipment and other optimizations in practice are effective measures to try to avoid tissue reactions and minimize stochastic effects on medical staff. Therefore, through a review of the literature, we can see the influence of the use of personal protective equipment, the use of collective protections, the fluoroscopy time, the acquisition parameters for the procedure and the experience of the professional on the dose values to which the medical staff is exposed. In this way, we can propose the taking of appropriate radiological protection measures to ensure the health of occupationally exposed individuals in interventional urology.