Impacto da inalação de cigarro nos tecidos periodontais em periodontite apical: estudo in vivo

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on periodontal tissues associated with teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) and their adjacent teeth. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: control (no AP and no ETS), AP (with AP and no ETS), ETS (with ETS and no AP), and ETS+AP (with ETS and AP). After AP induction and ETS exposure, the animals were euthanized, and the regions of the first and second molars, showing thickening of the periodontal ligament (PL) and bone loss in the mandibular region, were analyzed by micro-computed tomography. The PL analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, while the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) values were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant difference in the PL between the first and second molars in the groups without AP, regardless of ETS exposure. The PL of the first molar was greater in the ETS+AP group compared to the ETS group (p<0.05). The first molar ETS+AP group showed a significantly lower BV/TV ratio (p<0.05) compared to all other groups in the analyzed regions. In the furcation and apical regions adjacent to the first molar lesion, the values were lower in the ETS, AP, and ETS+AP groups compared to the control (p<0.05). It was concluded that passive smokers, exposed to low levels of environmental tobacco smoke, tend to present bone impairment and subtle periodontal impairment when associated with endodontic treatment.